Angle calculations are presented for a new type of diffractometer, whi
ch has two degrees of freedom for the sample and two degrees of freedo
m for the detector. The sample and detector motions are mechanically u
ncoupled. This geometry is used to implement a surface diffractometer
and the corrections necessary to extract integrated intensities in two
of the most useful modes are presented. The relative merits of this g
eometry and further extensions to it are discussed. Experimental data,
showing the existence of an interfacial microstructure at the Si/SiO2
interface, are also presented to illustrate the advantage of this geo
metry.