When a thin layer is grown coherently on a single crystal substrate th
e lattice constants of the film in its relaxed state, which are indica
tive of its chemical composition, cannot be measured directly due to e
lastic strain. They can be calculated, however, if the anisotropic ela
sticity is taken into account when interpreting X-ray diffraction data
. This calculation is performed for the most general case: a triclinic
epilayer on a triclinic substrate of arbitrary orientation, thereby i
ncluding all seven crystal classes. The correction term is given expli
citly for the high symmetry orientations of the individual crystal cla
sses, and implicitly for all other orientations.