TOWARD AN INTEGRATED THEORY OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

The relationship between teaching and learning is examined from a pers pective concerned with integrating the two phenomena along several dim ensions. Traditionally, teaching and learning have been studied as sep arate entities. This discussion is based on the premise that within an educational context, teaching and learning are so intertwined in a dy namic and reciprocal process that they need to be considered as a sing le entity rather than as two separate ones. The need to consider the s imultaneous effects of cognitive, affective, motivational, and develop mental factors is also stressed. The evolution of research and theory on teaching and learning, along with issues associated with the applic ation of psychological theory to educational practices, are examined f or insights into the types of issues that need to be pursued in the ne xt generation of research on the teaching-learning process. Several ap proaches to the application problem are critiqued, and examples of res earch that integrates concerns for teaching and learning are discussed .