Rm. Zulu et al., MUNKOYO BEVERAGE, A TRADITIONAL ZAMBIAN FERMENTED MAIZE GRUEL USING RHYNCHOSIA ROOT AS AMYLASE SOURCE, International journal of food microbiology, 34(3), 1997, pp. 249-258
A typical munkoyo beverage was made by fermenting Rhynchosia heterophy
lla root extract-cooked maize meal mixture with Lactobacillus confusus
LZ1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae YZ20. The fermented munkoyo beverage
had a pH of 3.3, lactic acid content of 60 mmol/l, ethanol 320-410 mm
ol/l and a characteristic 'munkoyo' aroma. L. confusus, used alone, pr
oduced a beverage with a faint munkoyo flavour note whilst beverage pr
oduced with S. cerevisiae alone seemed not to have a typical munkoyo n
ote. R. heterophylla root extract converted 75% of the starch in steri
le cooked maize meal to maltose (80% of total sugars), maltotriose (17
%) and glucose (3%) in 1 h at 45 degrees C. During fermentation by the
mixed culture or the yeast alone most of the maltose was utilised but
little or none of the maltotriose. The ratio of yeast to lactic acid
bacteria in the starter culture affected the rate of production of eth
anol but had no effect on the growth or acid production by the bacteri
um. To obtain a munkoyo beverage with the desired low alcohol concentr
ation (< 100 mmol/l), the ratio of yeast concentration (cfu/ml) to Lac
tobacillus concentration in the starter culture should be 1:1000 or le
ss and the beverage should be fermented for 24 h only. Copyright (C) 1
997 Elsevier Science B.V.