Y. Oppliger et al., ONE-STEP 3D SHAPING USING A GRAY-TONE MASK FOR OPTICAL AND MICROELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, Microelectronic engineering, 23(1-4), 1994, pp. 449-454
A novel approach based on the use of gray-tone masks to shape arbitrar
y profiles is described. Tapered structures in thick polyimide as well
as blazed gratings and Fresnel microlenses in fused silica substrates
have been fabricated. The 3D shaping capability of this technology is
illustrated by a high efficiency of 75% obtained for the lenses. This
technology involves one appropriate mask, a photolithographic exposur
e and an etching step; it is realized on conventional equipment and is
therefore cost effective.