TOXICITY STUDY OF THE MAIN ALKALOIDS OF DATURA FEROX IN BROILERS

Seeds of the weed Datura ferox are frequent contaminants of raw materi als used for animal feed. These seeds produce various toxic effects an d contain mainly the alkaloids scopolamine and hyoscyamine. In this 3- month toxicity study, a mixture of scopolamine and hyoscyamine (98:2) was incorporated at four total alkaloid levels (1.5, 15, 75 or 150 mg/ kg feed) into a control diet fed to 100 broilers. Alkaloid feeding cau sed significant reductions in the body weight gain of birds, especiall y of those fed a dose of 150 mg alkaloid/kg feed. Growth-retarding eff ects, however, were transient, as no changes in body weight gain were noted after 52 days of alkaloid feeding. Alkaloid-treated broilers sho wed no significant differences from controls with respect to the cardi ac rate and breathing frequency nor in relation to plasma aspartate am inotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase acti vities. In contrast, plasma leucine aminopeptidase activity was signif icantly reduced after 3 months in all alkaloid-fed birds. Autopsy and histological examination of tissues by light and electron microscopy r evealed no pathological changes associated with alkaloid feeding. Broi lers appeared generally healthy and behaved normally throughout. These data should be considered in the formulation of new, improved regulat ions defining the maximum allowable alkaloid content of D. ferox seeds contaminating raw materials destined for use as broiler feed.