Ja. Daly et al., QUESTION-ASKING COMFORT - EXPLORATIONS OF THE DEMOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION IN THE 8TH GRADE CLASSROOM, Communication education, 43(1), 1994, pp. 27-41
A national sample of eighth grade students (N = 24599) described how c
omfortable they were about asking questions in English, science, socia
l studies, and mathematics classes. Question-asking comfort was positi
vely related to family income, socio-economic status, English language
proficiency, family intellectual environment, educational aspirations
, academic performance, self-esteem, and locus of control. A significa
nt and inverse relationship was found between question-asking comfort
and age. Results further suggest that question-asking comfort is signi
ficantly associated with gender, ethnicity, geographic region, home la
nguage background, and perceptions of teachers' responsiveness to stud
ents.