The use of nominal-level analysis of four primary learning styles (PLS
) (i.e., doing, thinking, watching, and feeling), based on the Learnin
g Style Inventory demonstrated their discriminant/convergent validity
but not the validity of Kolb's learning style types (LST) (i.e., accom
modator, diverger, converger, and assimilator). The LST typology is de
rived from the difference of two sets of ipsatively scored variables-a
circumstance that contributes to its lack of validity, whereas the PL
S categories are based directly on the rank ordering given by subjects
. The PLS category, thinking, was associated with having higher scores
on a mental ability measure, whereas doing was associated with higher
levels of learning and performance on an origami paper-folding task (
i.e., an archetypical doing task).