D. Popovici et al., COPPER METALLIZATION OF TEFLON AF1600, USING EVAPORATION AND SPUTTERING, FOR MULTILEVEL INTERCONNECT DEVICES, Microelectronic engineering, 33(1-4), 1997, pp. 217-221
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to assess the interaction of
evaporated and sputter-deposited copper with Teflon AF1600. Both evap
oration and sputtering caused defluorination, graphitization and cross
linking of the carbon chains, as well as the formation of Cu-C bonds a
nd C-O free radicals. Additionally, the higher energies of the sputter
-deposited copper atoms led to a loss of oxygen and to the total react
ion of the deposited copper as carbide and fluorides.