Policymakers continue to view student assessment as an appealing instr
ument of education policy, and they have found a wider variety of uses
for it over the past two decades. This article explores the policy us
es of assessment, focusing particularly on its persuasive role in enco
uraging higher levels of educational performance and on its accountabi
lity and regulatory functions. The purpose is to provide a framework t
hat will help explain the reasoning of policymakers who continue to in
sist that assessments can be used for multiple purposes, even in light
of their own prior experience and expert evidence to the contrary.