What is Ethics? What is Advertising? The contemporary philosopher, Wil
liam Frankena (1973), has defined ethics as a set of moral principles
directed at enhancing societal well-being. Frankena reduces those mora
l principles to two: beneficence (doing good) and justice (being fair)
. Another contemporary philosopher, Geoffrey Warnock (1971), lists fou
r principles which seem to be particularly appropriate for advertising
: beneficence, nonmaleficence (don't harm), nondeception, and nondiscr
imination. At times, questions have arisen as to whether such principl
es are followed and whether societal well-being is, indeed, enhanced b
y the actions of advertisers.