According to Bronfenbrenner (1979, 1986), each individual simultaneous
ly participates in several ''microsystems'' that influence development
, for example, the family, school, peer group, and workplace. Of centr
al concern here is how the increasing prevalence of ''youth work'' may
affect parent-adolescent relationships. The findings of a 3-year stud
y of adolescents (n = 1,000) and their parents (925 mothers, 650 fathe
rs) indicate that youth work has some significant effects on familial
relationships. The findings also suggest gender differences in the lin
kage of youth work and family life.