The plight of urban education in America continues to evoke considerab
le concern among many educators, policymakers, and average citizens. U
rban schools whose populations are disproportionately minority continu
e to experience high rates of failure despite the many school improvem
ent efforts of the past three decades. The most effective strategies a
re those that address the socioemotional and psychoeducational needs o
f children. The linkage between school programs and communities, inclu
ding families must be strengthened The School Development Program of t
he Yale Child Study Center has been successful in improving urban scho
ols because of its emphasis on systemic change, child development, and
parent involvement.