The authors analyse historical data and information obtained in interv
iews with Albertans of French ancestry to test the idea that family, s
chool and church have served francophones, communities and individuals
, in ways often contradictory. In these milieux, socialisation occurre
d, to a cultural community either French and English, or entirely Engl
ish. Individuals were presented with a cultural and linguistic continu
ity which supported cultural survivance or assimilation.