H. Joswig et al., ISSUES FOR MULTILEVEL METALLIZATION IN HIGH-DENSITY CIRCUITS (INVITEDLECTURE), Microelectronic engineering, 37-8(1-4), 1997, pp. 15-27
As lateral dimensions shrink in high density circuits, metal and diele
ctric film thickness are not scaled down at the same pace. This leads
to several technological challenges in multilevel interconnects. This
article focuses on some of them: contact and via fill processes, optio
ns in intermetal dielectrics, and planarization issues. Also, a short
outlook on innovative interconnect architecture and novel materials is
given.