A. Gruber et J. Gspann, NANOPARTICLE IMPACT MICROMACHINING, Journal of vacuum science & technology. B, Microelectronics and nanometer structures processing, measurement and phenomena, 15(6), 1997, pp. 2362-2364
Nanoparticles of about 1000 molecules of CO2 accelerated to 20 km/s ar
e used for surface micromachining. Isolated impacts are found to gener
ate hillocks of about 0.5 nm in height and 20 nm in radius on silicon.
The cluster material penetrates up to 20 nm into the target, suggesti
ng the initial formation of transitory craters that relax by elastic r
ebound. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society.