Je. Vannostrand et al., SURFACE-ROUGHNESS AND PATTERN-FORMATION DURING HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH OF GE(001) AT LOW-TEMPERATURES, Journal of vacuum science & technology. B, Microelectronics and nanometer structures processing, measurement and phenomena, 13(4), 1995, pp. 1816-1819
The evolution of surface roughness during growth of Ge(001) by molecul
ar beam epitaxy at 155 degrees C is characterized using in situ scanni
ng tunneling microscopy. The range of film thickness studied spans mor
e than three orders of magnitude, 0.1-200 nm. Beginning at a film thic
kness near 100 nm, a periodic pattern of growth mounds is observed. Th
e average in-plane separation of growth features d evolves continuousl
y with film thickness t, following a power law d=t(0.42). The vertical
roughness of the film does not follow a single power-law behavior ove
r this range of film thickness. (C) 1995 American Vacuum Society.