D. Venables et al., SECONDARY-ELECTRON IMAGING AS A 2-DIMENSIONAL DOPANT PROFILING TECHNIQUE - REVIEW AND UPDATE, Journal of vacuum science & technology. B, Microelectronics and nanometer structures processing, measurement and phenomena, 16(1), 1998, pp. 362-366
Secondary electron (SE) imaging of semiconductors reveals contrast bet
ween n- and p-type areas that call serve as the basis for a two-dimens
ional dopant profiling technique. In this article, recent experiments
that address sensitivity, spatial resolution, calibration methodology,
p/n junction effects, and sample preparation issues are reviewed and
discussed for boron doped silicon. In addition, several examples of su
ccessful applications of SE imaging as a two-dimensional dopant pro fi
ling technique are presented. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society.