We review the hot-carrier injection phenomena in gate-oxide and the re
lated degradation in silicon MOSFETs. We discuss the basic degradation
mechanisms and the nature of the created defects by carrier injection
s through the gate-oxide. Emphasis is put on the discussion of dynamic
hot-carrier injections in MOSFETs and on the stress induced leakage c
urrents in very thin (< similar to 5 nm) gate-oxide. (C) 1998 Elsevier
Science Ltd.