Sm. Shick et al., PERSONS SUCCESSFUL AT LONG-TERM WEIGHT-LOSS AND MAINTENANCE CONTINUE TO CONSUME A LOW-ENERGY, LOW-FAT DIET, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(4), 1998, pp. 408-413
Objectives To describe the dietary intakes of persons who successfully
maintained weight loss and to determine if differences exist between
those who lost weight on their own vs those who received assistance wi
th weight loss leg, participated in a commercial or self-help program
or were seen individually by a dietitian). Intakes of selected nutrien
ts were also compared with data from the third National Health and Nut
rition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the 1989 Recommended Dietar
y Allowances (RDAs). Subjects Subjects were 355 women and 83 men, aged
18 years or older, primarily white, who had maintained a weight loss
of at least 13.6 kg for at least 1 year, and were the initial enrollee
s in the ongoing National Weight Control Registry. On average, the par
ticipants had lost 30 kg and maintained the weight loss for 5.1 years.
Methods A cross-sectional study in which subjects in the registry com
pleted demographic and weight history questionnaires as well as the He
alth Habits and History Questionnaire developed by Block et al. Subjec
ts' dietary intake data were compared with that of similarly aged men
and women in the NHANES III cohort and to the RDAs. Adequacy of the di
et was assessed by comparing the intake of selected nutrients (iron; c
alcium; and vitamins C, A, and E) in subjects who lost weight on their
own or with assistance. Results Successful maintainers of weight loss
reported continued consumption of a low-energy and low-fat diet. Wome
n in the registry reported eating an average of 1,306 kcal/day (24.3%
of energy from fat); men reported consuming 1,685 kcal (23.5% of energ
y from fat). Subjects in the registry reported consuming less energy a
nd a lower percentage of energy from fat than NHANES III subjects did.
Subjects who lost weight on their own did not differ from those who l
ost weight with assistance in regards to energy intake, percent of ene
rgy from fat, or intake of selected nutrients (iron; calcium; and vita
mins C, A, and E). In addition, subjects who lost weight on their own
and those who lost weight with assistance met the RDAs for calcium and
vitamins C, A, and E for persons aged 25 years or older. Applications
Because continued consumption of a low-fat, low-energy diet may be ne
cessary for long-term weight control, persons who have successfully lo
st weight should be encouraged to maintain such a diet.