A small sample of children in western Kenya, studied first in infancy
and again at age five, was tested in order to ascertain whether mother
-holding in infancy continued to predict affective and cognitive outco
mes at age 12, as had been the case at age five. Results indicated tha
t (1) positive affective outcomes at age 12 were associated with frequ
ency of mother-holding, but with no other measure of care in infancy;
(2) cognitive performance at age 12 was unrelated to mother-holding in
infancy; and (3)for most of the affective measures, though not for th
e cognitive measures, performance at age 12 was related to earlier tes
t performance at age five. Discussion centered on plausible bases for
the findings as well as on methodological concerns that raise threats
to the interpretation.