''Use of evaluation'' used to mean the use of results for making progr
am decisions. Now we are aware of its larger dimensions. Many aspects
of evaluation can be used-ideas and insights, signals that are sent by
the very fact of evaluating, the processes of learning through cooper
ation with evaluation, the choice of outcome indicators that herald su
ccess, even the study design. ''Use'' encompasses a broad array of eff
ects by multiple classes of users. The paper highlights the importance
of considering further potential collective users-the program organiz
ation, client groups, and civil society.