This article presents an adaptive control scheme based on position-for
ce architecture to achieve the stability and transparency for teleoper
ation in unknown or varying environments. Without any knowledge about
the parameters of the slave robot and environment dynamics, the propos
ed scheme guarantees the robustness to the parameter uncertainties of
the master robot as well as the stability of the whole teleoperation s
ystem. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the transpar
ency and robustness to the parameter uncertainties of the master robot
. Experimental results to a master-slave system show the validity of t
he proposed scheme. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.