Cognitive load theory has been designed to provide guidelines intended
to assist in the presentation of information in a manner that encoura
ges learner activities that optimize intellectual performance. The the
ory assumes a limited capacity working memory that includes partially
independent subcomponents to deal with auditory/verbal material and vi
sual/2- or S-dimensional information as well as an effectively unlimit
ed long-term memory, holding schemas that vary in their degree of auto
mation. These structures and functions of human cognitive architecture
have been used to design a variety of novel instructional procedures
based on the assumption that working memory load should be reduced and
schema construction encouraged. This paper reviews the theory and the
instructional designs generated by it.