Bd. Cawley et al., PARTICIPATION IN THE PERFORMANCE-APPRAISAL PROCESS AND EMPLOYEE REACTIONS - A METAANALYTIC REVIEW OF FIELD INVESTIGATIONS, Journal of applied psychology, 83(4), 1998, pp. 615-633
The relationship between participation in the performance appraisal pr
ocess and various employee reactions was explored through the meta-ana
lysis of 27 studies containing 32 individual samples. The overall rela
tionship (rho) between participation and employee reactions, corrected
for unreliability, was .61. Various conceptualizations and operationa
lizations of participation and employee reactions also were discussed
and analyzed. Overall, appraisal participation was most strongly relat
ed to satisfaction, and value-expressive participation (i.e., particip
ation for the sake of having one's ''voice'' heard) had a stronger rel
ationship with most of the reaction criteria than did instrumental par
ticipation (i.e., participation for the purpose of influencing the end
result). The results are discussed within the framework of organizati
onal justice.