S. Foley et al., A COMPARISON BETWEEN NORMALLY AND HIGHLY ACCELERATED ELECTROMIGRATIONTESTS, Microelectronics and reliability, 38(6-8), 1998, pp. 1021-1027
Normally and highly accelerated electromigration tests on Al-Cu lines
of different widths are compared. It is shown that the use of the Blac
k equation gives different extrapolated results depending on the range
of stress conditions considered. It is concluded that for extrapolati
ons it is safe to use the Black equation only in the case of normally
accelerated stress conditions (temperatures in the range 158-240 degre
es C and current densities between 1 and 2 MA/cm(2)) and when the extr
acted value for the current density acceleration factor is 2. (C) 1998
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