Y. Nakagawa et M. Itami, PRODUCTION OF A DENSE METAL-ION STREAM FOR ION COATING BY A PULSED VACUUM-ARC IN A STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELD, Journal of vacuum science & technology. A. Vacuum, surfaces, and films, 11(5), 1993, pp. 2472-2476
A dense metal-ion stream (approximately 1 X 10(18)/shot) was produced
by a high-current, long-pulse vacuum arc (approximately 2 kA, approxim
ately 25 ms) in a strong magnetic field. The ion stream was transporte
d 40 cm by the magnetic field to a substrate and then deposited on it.
Fast film formation (approximately 200 angstrom/shot), such as TiN an
d TiC films, was achieved by this device using a Ti electrode discharg
e in N2 or CH4 gas.