The Alignment Method for Displaying and Analyzing Treatments in Blocking Designs

Students taking the elementary course, upon reaching the chapter on the one-way analysis of variance, are taught to graph their data.to construct dot diagrams.and then to draw tentative conclusions from their graphs.The modest skills of constructing and reading these graphs are seldom used in advanced courses, but meaningful dot diagrams, which display the responses to the treatments after eliminating the noise caused by the presence of nuisance variables, are easily constructed for responses to the treatments in more complex models.In this article, blocking designs with all factors fixed are used to illustrate general principles.