Resolving Current Controversies in Analysis of Variance

Definition of effects and calculation of sums of squares for various tests of hypotheses in unbalanced analysis of variance has been a topic of considerable interest for at least 10 years.Conceptually, these concerns apply to balanced cases as well.It is suggested that proceeding logically from highest-order effects to lowest-order effects in a careful fashion helps to resolve the difficulties pointed out by various writers, including those concerned about completely missing cells.