THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TASK IN ANALYZING EXPERT JUDGMENT

The accuracy of judgmental forecasts of temperature and precipitation was analyzed. In contrast to the findings of many studies of expert ju dgment and forecasting, forecasts were highly accurate and forecaster agreement was high, Human forecasters performed better than an operati onal forecasting model and about the same as a linear regression model . Differences between temperature and precipitation forecasts could be predicted from differences between the tasks. In general, differences between tasks were much greater than differences between forecasters. Task predictability was an excellent indicator of forecast accuracy. The characteristics of the environment for forecasting temperature and precipitation that contribute to accuracy include high-quality inform ation and the availability of ''guidance'' based on a computer model, It is concluded that an understanding of the properties of the task is essential for understanding the accuracy of expert judgment. (C) 1997 Academic Press.