Aa. Abouelsoud et al., ROBUST PID REGULATOR FOR ROBOTS YIELDING CONSTANT TORQUE DISTURBANCE REJECTION, International journal of robotics & automation, 12(1), 1997, pp. 25-32
This paper proposes a robust PID regulator for robots that is globally
asymptotically stable and assumes only that the unknown parameters of
the gravity vector belong to a compact set. The design uses a Lure-ty
pe Lyapunov function, which is a quadratic form of the velocity vector
plus a line integral, which is path independent owing to the fact tha
t the gravity vector is the gradient of the potential energy.