The paper shows current overview and the perspectives related to the p
roduction of oilseeds, fats and oils as well as the consumption of the
m. The study is based on the evolution of several variables such as ch
anges in population, policies, incomes, prices, availability of natura
l resources (land for agriculture) and environmental impact. With resp
ect to technology, the work comments the possible influences of biotec
hnology, transportation systems, milling, and some transformations for
specific uses. Among the promising uses of vegetable oils the followi
ng are mentioned: utilization as biodiesel, adhesives, biodegraded pla
stics, printing inks, lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids or, even, new
tendencies in the area of nutrition (foods with pharmacological effec
ts).