Researchers have considered cognitive, social, and behavioral aspects
of leadership, but except for Zaccaro (1996a, 1996b), not all three si
multaneously. A comprehensive treatment of all three aspects in one mo
del enhances the understanding of leadership, We review research in th
e areas of cognitive, social, and behavioral complexity and propose an
integrative framework-the Leaderplex Model. We set forth propositions
to stimulate integrative, empirical leadership research in such areas
as diversity, global organizations, team-based organizations, charism
a, and hierarchy.