E. Meyer et al., SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY ON THE SURFACE OF SI(111), Journal of vacuum science & technology. B, Microelectronics and nanometer structures processing, measurement and phenomena, 12(3), 1994, pp. 2060-2063
An ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope, operated in the noncontac
t mode, is used to characterize n-doped Si(111) surfaces. Ionized impu
rities are observed with electrostatic forces, demonstrating contrast
reversal by changing the polarity of the voltage between probing tip a
nd sample. The impurities form one-dimensional domains on the silicon
surface. Steps and lines, connecting kink sites, are preferentially oc
cupied by these impurities.