H. Itoh et al., GROWTH MODE AND SURFACE-STRUCTURES ON THE PB SI(001) SYSTEM OBSERVED BY SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY/, Journal of vacuum science & technology. B, Microelectronics and nanometer structures processing, measurement and phenomena, 12(3), 1994, pp. 2086-2089
Growth mode and surface structures of the Pb/Si(001) system have been
investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The growth mode is the
Stranski-Krastanov type and Pb grows layer by layer up to three layers
before three dimensional (3D) nucleation of Pb islands occurs. The st
ructure of the first layer changes from 2X2 and 2X1, passing through i
ntermediate phases of 2X4 and c(8X4) with mixing by increasing Pb cove
rage. The second layer is a 2X1 structure, and the third layer is a c(
4X4) structure. 3D islands of triangular shapes grow on the third laye
r of c(4X4) in an orientation of Pb(111)\\Si(001) at coverages higher
than 2 monolayers.