This study examines role conceptions of newly appointed urban principa
ls within the context of their schools and districts as a means of ide
ntifying personal and organizational forces that influence the emergen
ce of transformational leadership. Based on the responses to a sun,ey
regarding leadership beliefs, personal and organizational expectations
, and problem-solving perspectives, the authors conclude that principa
ls' role conceptions incorporate aspects of transformational leadershi
p yet remain highly traditional in several respects directly correspon
ding to perceived expectations emanating from the district, school, an
d community. Responses also suggest that district leaders fail to prov
ide the encouragement or support necessary for the development of tran
sformational leadership.