With respect to the ethical debate about the treatment of animals in b
iomedical and behavioral research, Harry F. Harlow represents a parado
x. On the one hand, his work on monkey cognition and social developmen
t fostered a view of the animals as having rich subjective lives fille
d with intention and emotion. On the other, he has been criticized for
the conduct of research that seemed to ignore the ethical implication
s of his own discoveries. The basis of this contradiction is discussed
and propositions for current research practice are presented.